BYZANTINE MUSIC
for the project Meltin 'Choir of Cantabile [ www.cantabile.it ] I gave a seminar on Music Balkan .
A presentation that has been proposed as a powerful critique of the so-called Balkan music , on our way to (not) deal with that area, on the superficiality of our classifications. As I will try to give an account of the materials that I proposed at that time.
see post Ljubica Maric, January 31, 2011
What follows' a trace of topics and resources.
is usually meant by BYZANTINE MUSIC the music of the liturgy of ' Eastern Roman Empire, the fourth century AD to the conquest of political and cultural center -Costantinopoli/Bizanzio- by the Ottomans in 1453. In the category Byzantine Music is also including liturgical and musical tradition of the Orthodox Christian churches that are inspired by it, so a vast repertoire , originally written in Greek, then in the national language, has spread in the Balkans, Russia, and the Mediterranean, including Italy [liturgies greek-Albanian].
This linguistic diversity, in contrast with the unity of Latin preserved by the Church of Rome, has given way to a wide variety local adaptations and transformations that are problematic for the relationship between the current chant practiced by the ancient Eastern churches and liturgical manuscripts. The same assessment applies to the influence that the Arab and Turkish music exerted on Byzantine chant, changing the original characters, integrating methods and styles still in use.
The same notation as for that of the Roman Liturgy, presents the usual problems of interpretation since the oldest known ecfonetica (declamatory), in use between the eighth and thirteenth centuries, appears to be a simple memory trace for the singers and the officiating. The most recent, between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, that melodic , Does contain signs and symbols that enable a fairly accurate transcription.
On the reconstruction of Byzantine manuscripts and transcription is available on the web a very interesting study, in Italian, Doneda Anna, a lecturer at the Faculty of Musicology at the University of Padova, Byzantine manuscripts of liturgical music: types and organization ,
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| Codex AA5 Badia di Grottaferrata 1101 AD |
[see also: Sandra Martan, " music, theology and liturgy. On the trail of an interpretation of the Byzantine notation ecfonetica . " in International journal of sacred music , 20 / 2 (1999), 9-47,]
Given the theology behind the practice Byzantine and musical composition - the hymns are the songs of heaven, sent by angels, came to mind dell'innografo, which does not have to do is write it down - the liturgical compositions tend to be structurally rigid and do change when the second the principle that the West will be known as that of variation.
As the title says, a brief guide: Stanley J. Takis, Beginning to Learn the Byzantine Musical Notation System Using Western Theory and
Also in introductory form, from examples on the staff: The Mnemonic Verses . A Quick and Easy Guide to the Byzantine Tones J. Suchy-Pilalis in www.newbyz.org/ModeMnemonics3.pdf
while here: www.newbyz.org / psalmodia.pdf a complete guide, always in English: Reading Psalmodia. An introduction to modern Byzantine Notation , David J. Melling.
A collection liturgical very wide, with greek text and English and all necessary transcripts in Western notation:
the parent site http://newbyz.org/ you can have a wide choice of liturgical texts into Western notation, greek and English text and audio.
A current musicology has sought to trace the Byzantine repertoire and forms to that of classical Greece . This interpretation, however, was rejected by most scholars, including Egon Wellesz . His A History of Byzantine Music and Hymnography , Oxford, 1961, is still the cornerstone of research on the topic
[you can read in:
http://byzantineee.blogspot.com/2010/11/history-of-byzantine-music-and.html or http://www.scribd.com/doc / 9629654/A-History-of-Byzantine-Music-and-Hymnography [E 'was reissued in Frascati, 2005, with CD, the "old" but important study of late Lawrence, Ancient melurgia Byzantine , Bocca, 1938]
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| Modern representation of Kassia Kisterova Elena, 1999 |
Byzantine world comes to us from the first known music written by a woman, Kassia or Kassian, Kassiani, Casia, Ikasia, Cassia, Cassiani, Kassian, Eikasía , lived between the 'el 810' 865.
Upon you see in Books - Google, with four pages are not available, Lynda Garland (ed) Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience 800-1200: Anna M. Silvas, "Kassia the Nun " Ashgate, 2006.
What you can 'listen here is the first part of Troparion of which is given in the original text and English translation.
What you can 'listen here is the first part of Troparion of which is given in the original text and English translation.
| Kyrie, the Pole en amarties peripesousa ghini, tin syn esthomeni theotita, myrophorou analavoussa taxi odhyromeni, good as pro tou entaphiasmou komizi. Imi! leghousa, OTI my Nyx iparchi, istros akolasias, zophodhis to have aselinos, eross amartias tis. Dhekse mou ton dhakryon pighas bowl, o nepheles dhieksaghon tis thalassis to hydhor. Tous Pros my Kamphthiti stenaghmous kardhias tis, o klinas Tous ouranous, you aphato kenosi sou. Tous Kataphiliso achrandous podhas sou, aposmikso toutous and Palli, mou tis tis kephalis vostrichis; on en to paradhiso Eva to dhilinon, Kroto tiss osin ichithisa, to phovo ekrivi. Amartion mou ta plithi, ke krimaton sou avisous, tis eksichniasi psychososta Sotir mou? Mi me tin sin dhoulin paridhis, o ametriton echon to eleos. | Sensing your divinity Lord, a woman of many sins, takes it upon herself to become a myrrh bearer and in deep mourning brings before you fragrant oil in anticipation of your burial; crying: "Woe to me! What night falls on me, what dark and moonless madness of wild-desire, this lust for sin. Take my spring of tears You who draw water from the clouds, bend to me, to the sighing of my heart, You who bend the heavens in your secret incarnation, I will wash your immaculate feet with kisses and wipe them dry with the locks of my hair; those very feet whose sound Eve heard at the dusk in Paradise and hid herself in terror. Who shall count the multitude of my sins or the depth of your judgment, Saviour of my soul? Do not ignore your handmaiden, You whose mercy is endless". |
Si può ben dire che Kassia sia la Hildegard von Bingen East [for Hildegard see the namesake of post June 22, 2010 ] .
See also http://www.hellenicnest.com/dianeII.html with contributions from Diane Touliatos -Miles that on Kassia worked hard.
followed by a series of links and in-depth is listening:
Site width, in English, with a lot of material explanation / documentation, scores, listening to audio.
Importante perché consente di scaricare previa semplice registrazione- gli studi che compaiono sull’annuario Acta Musicae Byzantinae .
Vedi ad esempio: Hieromonk Ephraim : A Comparison of the Quantitative, Qualitative, and Spiritual Differences Between Byzantine and Western Music , in Acta Musicae Byzantinae VIII
Very interesting example of the short transcript from a manuscript in modern melodic notation in www.csbi.ro/img/fotizuP2.pdf
Analogion www.analogion.com / index.html
This, too, in English, with a lot of downloadable audio material, not always easy.
Byzantine Chant Studies Page
edited by Daniel Johnson www.theologian.org / chant
application, with many texts transcribed in modern notation, audio files and many links.
On the same site www.theologian.org / choir.html many transcripts in Western notation, four-part harmonies and corresponding sounds.
In www.sv-luka.org/pevnica/index1.htm scores and sound liturgical music of Serbia, also in as defined by the musician Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac , 1856-1914, the most significant Serbian composer of religious music and more.
Here his Tebe Poem sung by the Choir Colibri: www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wNFsQKTIx8&feature=PlayList&p=EAE50688D924F821&playnext=1&playnext_from PL = & index = 42
Here: www1.cpdl.org/wiki/images/sheet/mok-tebe.pdf the score full Tebe Poem of Mokranjac .
in his other scores: www1.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Stevan_Mokranjac
Other songs of tradition Serbian liturgical can be heard in: http://digilander.libero.it/ortodossia/Cantoserbo.htm [the header of the site contains a "ritual lament" on the sufferings of the Serbian people and its Saints deserves a careful analysis of cultural and political] developed by musicians such as academic Kosta Manojlovic (1890-1949), Kornelije Stankovic (1831-1865), Vladimir Milosavljevic (1951) and others, as well the same Mokraniac.
A huge selection of sheet music religious music of Serbian authors possibility to download and, in some cases, audio
A summary is in the chapter by Alexander Lingas, Music and Liturgy in the Orthodox tradition in the first volume of the Encyclopedia of Music , published by Einaudi , 2004.
http://www.beic.it/ : annotated list of bibliographic resources for bizantinistica in general. You can download in pdf format, easier to type and BEIC bizantinistica on the engine Google
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